Assignment #5 – Slavery and Race

STEP #1 – WATCH — Amistad – A Slave’s Journey

https://vimeo.com/50832503

STEP #2 – READ — Drawing the Color Line

http://libcom.org/a-peoples-history-of-the-united-states-howard-zinn/2-drawing-the-color-line

Please click the above link to read chapter 2, “Drawing the Color Line;” found in the book A People’s History of the United States.

As always, please try to have 5 things from each of your readings to discuss on Discussion Board.

STEP #3 – READ — Slavery Without Submission, Emancipation Without Freedom

http://libcom.org/a-peoples-history-of-the-united-states-howard-zinn/9-slavery-without-submission-emancipation-without-freedom

When thinking about what you have been taught in previous classes, does it in any way match what these readings on slavery and race have revealed to you?

So…how many of you have car insurance? If you have a car, you have to have car in- surance here in Texas. And even if you don’t have a car, you at least know what the purpose of insurance is, do you not? Of course. Stick with me, you’ll understand in a mi- nute. 

Please compare the version of history in your readings to this depiction of a slave’s ex- perience being captured and then shipped across the Atlantic in the Hollywood film, Amistad. Are they the same? Or is the Amistad version too harsh? Or is it too clean and nice? 

If you’re like most of my students you’ll probably be thinking to yourself that it was prob- ably accurate, but that there may have been some exaggerations here and there. 

Well, truth be told, what you watched was kind of the “Disney-version” of the slave trade. Source after source from this time period tells us of the unimaginable horror that was the slave ship, and yet most of us grow up never knowing most of this information. Most of us grow up never knowing how truly horrifying the slave’s experience was. But if we were to go back through this film clip and compare it to reality, I think you might begin to understand just what I am talking about. 

The Capture: Most of us have heard at one time or another that Africans “sold each other” or “sold themselves” into slavery.
 This is NOT TRUE. The only way this could be true would be to say that all Africans were alike because of the color of their skin. We know this is not reality. What was really happening was enemies were selling enemies into slavery. It would be like me selling an Al Qaeda member into slavery today…or maybe a Canadian (if we hap- pened to be at war with Canada!) 

The capture though was one of the most frightening parts of this voyage. Imagine being hit over the head and blacking out…and then waking up in a cage on a beach surrounded by people and things you do not know…unable to communi- cate with the people around you because they don’t speak the same language you do. 

The Ship: You are then taken on board a large ship…and did anyone catch what the priest was saying to all of the Africans as they were being taken on board? Once on board, you are taken below deck and chained into a space the size of a coffin. And it is there, chained down, lying their naked, body against body with the people on either side of you, that you will stay for the next 2-6 months. You are packed in like sardines. 

Diagram of slave cargo 

You will not be taken up on deck to use the bathroom. You use the bathroom where you lay, as does everyone around you. And people begin to get seasick. People begin to de- velop dysentery. You end up laying in urine, blood, vomit and feces for as long as 6 months. And there are deck after deck after deck of slave’s chained up in the cargo holds where no fresh air can penetrate and the fluids from the decks above seep through the cracks in the floor until they reach the lowest deck in the hold where often the smallest slave’s were stored…where the children would be forced to lay for months in this accumula- tion of filth. 

Every once in a while, women were taken up on deck for “exercise.” You saw a depiction of this in the film, where the women were dancing with the deckhands. This “exercise” was often when the women were taken on deck and raped. Women were not the only ones subject to rape, men and children were raped as well. But, more often than not, women were the ones most often singled out for rape. This was a particularly cruel part of enslave- ment for women. Once captured and put into slavery, women were not only used for phys- ical labor, but they were often made into sex slaves as well. 

You saw in the film slaves being whipped on board the ship. This was often done to main- tain control on the ships. To make an “example” out of one or two to keep the rest of the slaves under control. What you did not see was what happens to flesh when it is whipped with a cow-hide. Once you reach 10 lashes with a whip, the entire back is lacerated. 20 lashes and your back would look like hamburger. 50 lashes and you are down to bone. One other incident you saw in the film that I will touch upon…the slaves tied together, tied to a bag of rocks, and then thrown over board. This was often done for many reasons…to lighten a ship that was running too heavy, to get rid of sick slaves, to diminish the number of mouths to feed if food rations were running low, to make an example of a few, or any other of a number of reasons. 

What was not covered by the film though was this: Often, slave traders had their cargo (the slaves) on these ships covered by insurance. But the catch was that insurance companies would only pay out for slaves that were accidentally “Lost at Sea.” I’ll let you guess what this practice led to…….. 

Scars from repeated whippings 

Suffice to say, of the 50 million Africans lost to the slave trade during this era, it is esti- mated that half of them were “Lost at Sea.” Historians have suggested that you could literally trace the paths of the slave ships from this era by the litter of bodies lining the ocean floor…25 million people “lost”….between the 100 million Native Americans killed and the 25 million African “lost at sea” it kind of begins to make the Holocaust of WWII seem miniscule by comparison doesn’t it? 

So, what if I were to tell you that some of those insurance companies that paid out for these supposedly “lost” Africans are the same companies you have your car insurance with today? These same companies that made their first dollars off of this rather shady practice are some of the very same insurance companies and banks you do business with today? Would that bother you? 

What else bothers you about what you have read and listened to over the weekend? 

1. Please post an initial response to these questions of at least 150 words more, at least one page.

2. Reply (2 or 3 sentences) to at least 3 other students’ initial postings. 

If you are unsure how to use Discussion Board, click the “Tools” tab on your left to access the User Manual. 

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Please make sure this a different paper then the first one, again take your time.

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Assignment #6 – Modern Slavery

STEP #1 – WATCH — Slavery Today

Please watch this short introduction on slavery today hosted by Angelina Jolie.

https://vimeo.com/23625690

STEP #2 – READ — The New Slavery

Refer to the uploaded files and read the New Slavery 

Please read the first chapter, “The New Slavery,” from Kevin Bales’ book, Disposable People . 

STEP #3 – COMPLETE THE DISCUSSION BOARD ASSIGNMENT (LINK)

How many of you knew this? 

Anyone? 

Most people do not. Those who do generally believe it is a problem in third world countries, but certainly not here. 

The reality is that it is just as big of a problem in the United States as any other country. If we knew where to go, we could go buy a slave in Fort Worth or Dallas today. And we could get one by trading in an old bicycle or an old laptop computer. That’s all it would take. 

And old bicycle…that’s all a slave’s life is worth today. 

And perhaps the most disturbing thing to realize is that everything we touch today–from the bricks that make up the exterior of our homes, to the wood in our furniture, to the rug on the floors–has been touched by the hand of a slave. And what’s worse, a slave that is treated even more poorly today than those under the old system of slavery we have been discussing and so horrified by. 

Please watch this brief video on slavery today from the website, Free the Slaves–an organization devoted to ending the slave trade today. 

What are the differences between the old and new systems of slavery? What are your other thoughts about this ongoing problem? 

1. Please post an initial response to these questions of at least 50-100 words or more, at least one page.
 2. Reply (2 or 3 sentences) to at least 3 other students’ initial postings. 

If you are unsure how to use Discussion Board, click the “Tools” tab on your left to access the User Manual.     

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Written Exercise #1

Please click the link below to read the topic

https://dcccd.blackboard.com/bbcswebdav/pid-13853663-dt-content-rid-116398515_1/courses/2018SU-HIST-1302-86403/WE%20_1%202009_1302_FALL_2009-1_1-2%281%29.pdf

I know it may seem like we have rehashed much of the first half of US History, but stick with me! There is method to my madness…  =)

Please take a look at this writing assignment.  All of the instructions are included in the assignment sheet, but if you have questions,please feel free to email me over the weekend.

Ultimately, I want you to take everything you’ve read and use them as your sources to write this paper. You do need to cite throughout your papers from your readings.

This should be a 3-5 page paper.

Good Luck!