EACH SET OF TWO RESPONSES HAS THEIR OWN INSTRUCTIONS.. PLEASE FOLLOW THEM.. DUE IN 5 HOURS..

Respond to Peers: Review your classmates’ posts, and respond to at least two of your peers by Day 7. Comment on your peer’s explanation of how their chosen global societal issue impacts a specific population. Each participation post should be a minimum of 75 words.

CANDICE’S POST:

Religious Conflict and Violence

           While All religions have things in common, they only see what is different. Ignorance of other religions and cultures lead to solving political issues with violence. Learning about other cultures can expand the knowledge of others and help the understanding they have on political and personal views. Religious based terrorism is a way of saying to other religions and cultures they are wrong, and punishment for not believing or living a certain way is necessary.  Fear of the unknown is what drives the violence. Education, tolerance, and acceptance are needed in order to cohabitate in this world. Religious conflict is figurative and methodical issue, similar to a theater. It gains the attention of the world, causing fear in those of other cultures and exerting power. “You may believe that your faith comes from a pure and perfect God. But all religion must pass through the minds, interests, and impulses of human beings, who are anything but pure and perfect” (Chuman. 2012. Para. 14).

           According to Hayes (2018), hate crimes against the Jewish have risen 37% in 2017, Muslim hate crimes increased by 45%. There is so much misinformation about different religions, the attacks done by people from these religions, that people place targets on the heads of individuals who share the same faith. They can share the same faith and not view those beliefs or carry out acts of violence.  These are only 2 out of many religions and cultures that are targeted because of the actions of those share the same religion, because of how they dress, or because of how they look. It is time we seek knowledge on these foreign subjects, learn about their ways, and also understand there are extremists in every religion and culture, does not make all of them terrorists.

Chuman, J. (2012). Religion and Religious Violence. Ethical Culture. Retrieved from https://ethicalfocus.org/religion-and-religious-violence/ (Links to an external site.)

Hayes, L. (2018). Religion-Based Hate Crimes on The Rise. Americans United. Retrieved from https://www.au.org/blogs/wall-of-separation/religion-based-hate-crimes-on-the-rise

CHARLES’S POST:

Identify the global societal issue you have chosen to research for your Final Paper, an argumentative essay, and explain why further research on this topic is important:  The topic selected was air pollution and the health effects.  Research is needed on this topic not only to understand the health problems that can be caused, but also what is available to combat pollution.  Another area where research is needed is for the protection of animals and crops.  Animals can be infected by polluted water or food.  The growth of crops can be damaged or destroyed by air pollutants.  

Provide a clear and concise thesis statement that includes a solution to the global societal issue:  Air pollution may keep polluted cities cooler in summer months, but we need take steps to reduce our exposure due to long term health risks, global warming, and extinction on animal species.  

Explain how this global societal issue impacts a specific population: One particular population that is at risk from air pollution are infants and toddlers.  Air pollution can have an affect on babies that are not born. If a baby is exposed to air pollution while still in the womb they could possibly have issues with lung development and low birth weight.  Infants that breathe in a lot of air pollutants face the chance of their lungs not performing as well as they should as they get older.  Some other affects are developing asthma, pneumonia, and possibly getting lung cancer when they are older in age.  

Locate a peer-reviewed scholarly source and provide statistical data that you found surprising on the topic:  The article selected was “Air pollution and public health: emerging hazards and improved understanding of risk”. Air pollution has overtaken poor sanitation and a lack of drinking water to become the main environmental cause of premature death (Kelly,  & Fussell, 2015)  Approximately 3.7 million people died from outdoor urban and rural sources in 2012.   The cause of deaths was broken down as heart disease (40 %), stroke (40 %); chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (11 %), lung cancer (6 %) and acute lower respiratory infections in children (3 %). By region, the largest outdoor air pollution burden is found in the low- and middle-income countries of the Western Pacific and South-East Asia, with 2.6 million linked deaths in 2012.  

Tony 

Reference:

Kelly, F. J., & Fussell, J. C. (2015). Air pollution and public health: emerging hazards and improved understanding of risk. Environmental geochemistry and health, 37(4), 631–649. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-015-9720-1

Respond to Peers: Review your classmates’ posts, and respond to at least two peers by Day 7. In your responses, review at least one of the articles provided by your peer and expand on their description. Each participation post should be a minimum of 75 words.

JARROD’S POST:

Explain at least five differences between popular and scholarly sources used in research.

               Scholarly courses sources are written by professionals or scholars within a particular field, which is why they are preferred when completing school work and research.  Scholarly sources contain bibliographies and cite the sources where they found or used the information.  Scholarly articles or publications are often “peer reviewed” or approved by a group of experts within the subject field.

               Popular sources are often found on the internet and usually found when using a search engine.  These articles are usually targeting general audiences and can be subject to opinion or biases.  Popular sources rarely if ever include references. 

Locate and summarize one peer-reviewed, scholarly source from the Ashford University Library and one popular source that pertain to your Final Paper topic. In your summary of each article, comment on the following: biases, reliability, strengths, and limitations.

               The peer-reviewed article I found in the Ashford Library regarding International Drug Trafficking was Brian Srubar’s Breaking Bad Policy.  He makes note of the national drug pandemic but also notes it is also a global pandemic.  He notes that the United States law makers have made laws and policies to slow the trafficking within the U.S. but other countries need to make the same efforts.  He refers to other countries governments not taking such a firm stance on drug production and trafficking and states policymakers all over the globe need to come together to eradicate illegal drugs but knows the international drug problem will never be completely eradicated.

               The popular source article I found after a google search is an article on usatoday.com titled Drug smuggling, and the endless battle to stop it.  Gustavo Solis has pictures in his article and writes about his interview with a Customs and Border Control agent.  He writes about the San Diego area and how the Border patrol agency has put up walls and the drugs keep making there way into San Diego. 

From the sources you summarized, list and explain at least five visual cues from the peer-reviewed, scholarly source that were not evident in the popular source.

               The first visual cue and big difference between the articles is the peer-reviewed article has references listed throughout each page and at the bottom of each page.  The peer-reviewed article also has zero pictures, where as the popular source has numerous pictures throughout the article.  The scholarly source lists the different sections on his article and page numbers, the popular article is just one article with a few paragraphs strung together to make an interesting new article.  The peer-reviewed article has an introduction that explains what the subject of the article is and what the rest of the article will cover. 

References

Srubar, B. (2015). Breaking Bad Policy: Shifting U.S. Counter-Drug Policy, Eliminating Safe Havens, and            Facilitating International Cooperation. Houston Journal of International Law, 37(1), 197–233.

Solis, G. (n.d.). Drug smuggling, and the endless battle to stop it. Usatoday.com. Retrieved from https://www.usatoday.com/border-wall/story/drug-trafficking-smuggling-cartels-tunnels/559814001/ (Links to an external site.)

JOHNATHAN’S POST:

· Explain at least five differences between popular and scholarly sources used in research. 

          Popular sources are normally what is first found when you conduct a general internet search for a topic, like google in example.  They are written by a journalist, and are normally found in magazines, or newspapers.  The information within the article is general and not specific, and there is rarely references provided as to where the author validated their work. 

          Scholarly sources are found in scholarly journals, or scholarly books, written by scholars or subject matter experts in their fields. (Cendejas, 2015)  They are normally found in University Libraries. The information within the article is detailed and written is a technical and more specific way.  There is also normally, a reference section to give credit to other scholars they cited within their article.  

· Locate and summarize one peer-reviewed, scholarly source from the Ashford University Library and one popular source that pertain to your Final Paper topic. In your summary of each article, comment on the following: biases, reliability, strengths, and limitations. 

                The popular source I found was in the New Yorker, which is a weekly journal, and I found this article by just entering my topic in a google search.  The article discussed how the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) has advanced over the past decade so much that AI could continue to advance to the point where we (humans) are the creators of our own demise.  There really are only the negative sides to how AI could become too smart and I feel this is a bias, but that is what the article is discussing.  The article gives examples of what some important people within the technology field have said about AI, like Elon Musk, and Bill Gates, but there is no citation used to give credit to another article or source.  This leads me to believe the information cannot be validated without a source.  This also makes the reliability of the article in question, as there are no in text citations or reference list. 

                The scholarly source I used was a brief overview of AI, its past present and future.  Unlike the popular source, this source went into specific details, providing researchers names and results from different times, dating back to 1942 when the British “developed a code breaking machine called The Bombe for the British government, with the purpose of deciphering the Enigma code used by the German army in the Second World War.” (Haenlein & Kaplan, 2019, p. 1)  This article provides no real biases as it just provides researchers results and gives them credit with a reference list. This article states that it is not a matter of if AI becomes a part of our daily lives, but to what extent as most people already use AI daily between smart phones and self-driving cars, the technology is already out there.  It also discusses if there should be regulations on AI as it becomes more advanced, and it is not without biases, as some research results have pointed out already.  This article contained an author biography as well, which validated that both authors are experts in their fields, and contained a lengthy reference list which adds to the reliability of the article. 

· From the sources you summarized, list and explain at least five visual cues from the peer-reviewed, scholarly source that were not evident in the popular source. 

               The scholarly source contained multiple cues that it was not just a magazine article or weekly journal article written by a journalist.  First, there was a summary as to what the article was going to be about, where the popular article was more for entertainment so there was no abstract or summary.  Second, the scholarly article had citations within it validating where the author’s found their information.  Third, was there were no advertisements or pictures on the scholarly article compared to the popular article.  Fourth, was there was a header on every page which contained the title and page number. Fifth, the Reference list and author biography was included in the scholarly source and not on the popular source. 

References 

Cendejas, M. (2015). Scholarly and popular sources (Links to an external site.) (Links to an external site.) [Video file]. https://ashford.mediaspace.kaltura.com/media/Scholarly+and+Popular+Resources%281%29/0_ue1ih9qt (Links to an external site.) 

Friend, T (7 May 2018), Sunday Reading: How Frightened Should We Be of A.I.?, The New Yorker. Retrieved from https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/05/14/how-frightened-should-we-be-of-ai (Links to an external site.) 

Haenlein, M., & Kaplan, A. (2019). A Brief History of Artificial Intelligence: On the Past, Present, and Future of Artificial Intelligence. California Management Review, 61(4), 5–14. https://doi-org.proxy-library.ashford.edu/10.1177/0008125619864925 

Kloza, B. (Executive Producer), Fabian, R. (Director), & Baber, J. (Producer). (2011). Effective Internet search: Basic tools and advanced strategies (Links to an external site.) (Links to an external site.) [Streaming video]. Films On Demand database. 

Library La Trobe University. (2009, September 16). Why can’t I just Google? (Links to an external site.) (Links to an external site.) [Video file]. https://youtu.be/hqjJyqfceLw (Links to an external site.)