crisis management application : Solution Essays

James (2013) summarizes that “crisis is a perception or experiencing of an event or situation as an intolerable difficulty that exceeds the person’s current resources and coping mechanisms” (p. 8). There are many theories and models of crisis. Counselor educators categorize these theories as basic, expanded, applied, and eclectic. In particular, an ecosystemic theory of crisis, developed by Bronfenbrenner, is also beginning to emerge as a notable theory. Bronfenbrenner’s ecosystemic theory takes a distinctive look at the ways in which a crisis can affect communities, regions, and entire nations, as well as how crises can slowly spread across continents. An ecosystemic crisis not only affects those individuals who directly experience the catastrophe, but can also produce potential victims who may vicariously experience the crisis.