Introduction 

According to Kutlu & Dikec, (2018), opium abuse has been a primary problem of substance abuse taking place in America. The generic community affected by substance abuse (opium), is the African American community of America. The African-American community has been selected here in order to describe the public health challenges faced due to the opium crisis. Overdose of drugs has been a significant problem for the Caucasians who affected black ethnicity than any of the other ethnic groups present in the community. Dark communities have been facing various public health challenges includes mental health, social life and economic problems. Increased chances of liver cirrhosis and kidney failures occur due to predisposition of opium into the body of the community (Ahmadi, 2016).

Roles of public health organizations working at different levels:

The core roles of the public health organization include prevention of the health effects occurring due to opium crisis, treatment of condition and recovery for substance abuse (RSS) for opium use disorders. Preventive strategies include the undertaking of public awareness programs based on the harmful effects of opium exposure in the associated people. According to Guo et al., (2018), opium ingestion causes severe cardiovascular disorders also. The genomic study of opium has proved this factor. Preventive measures include banning of opium selling shops from the associated areas. This measure is undertaken by the coordination of different levels of government along with the local health organizations. Local health organizations use several warning signs against opium abuse at the roadsides to create a sense of awareness among the people (Ray, 2018). Adolescents are mainly affected by the harmful effects of opium abuse among the African American community. This factor is proved by the different research studies based on the effects of Opium (Griffin, 2016). Preventive measures are also undertaken by the United States health services such as SAMSHA (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration). This service has been working for the reduction of substance abuse among the people of America (Bergen-Cico et al. 2016). Treatment processes include the establishment of healthcare institutes such as government hospitals, and rehabilitation services help in treating the people affected by opium. Healthcare professionals such as doctors and nurses are appointed to the registered hospitals by the federal government in order to tackle the patients associated with opium abuse. Mental health services are also implemented by the government to treat the people experiencing mental health problems associated with opium abuse (Crowley & Kirschner, 2015).  SAMSHA also works as a procedure for recovery of substance abuse among the African American people. This section has already been stated previously and has also been discussed in various relevant research studies (Hoge et al., 2016).

System thinking tool to identify the influential procedure of public health interventions:

Public health interventions are structured and organized according to the health issues concerned. These intervention strategies are organized singly or jointly by governmental and non-governmental agencies. Opium crisis has been posing a significant impact on the American people and these organizations are structured by the different considering levels of treatment services. These levels are dependent on the condition of the people involved in the treatment of health disorders. Since the concerned health, the disorder is related to opium, related health disorders, therefore the levels are dependent on the prevention of consequences occurring due to opium exposure (Borkulo et al., 2015).

Conclusion

The public health agencies are related to each other for tackling the situation concerned with opium crisis in the African-American population. The governmental and non-governmental agencies are working in correlation with each other to devise public health intervention strategies in order to treat the people affected by Opium exposure. A better future for the African American people can be hoped of, provided the case of opium crisis is appropriately tackled. 

References

Ahmadi, J. (2016). Conduct disorder related to poly substance abuse in adolescence. J Psychiatry, 19, 371.

Bergen-Cico, D., Scholl, S., Ivanashvili, N., & Cico, R. (2016). Opioid prescription drug abuse and its relation to heroin trends. In Neuropathology of Drug Addictions and Substance Misuse (pp. 878-887). Academic Press.

Crowley, R. A., & Kirschner, N. (2015). The integration of care for mental health, substance abuse, and other behavioral health conditions into primary care: executive summary of an American College of Physicians position paper. Annals of Internal Medicine, 163(4), 298-299.

Griffin III, O. H. (2016). A democracy deficit within American drug policy. S. Cal. Rev. L. & Soc. Just., 26, 103.

Guo, L., Winzer, T., Yang, X., Li, Y., Ning, Z., He, Z., … & Ye, K. (2018). The opium poppy genome and morphinan production. Science, 362(6412), 343-347.

Hoge, M. A., Wolf, J., Migdole, S., Cannata, E., & Gregory, F. X. (2016). Workforce development and mental health transformation: A state perspective. Community mental health journal, 52(3), 323-331.

Kutlu, F. Y., & Dikec, G. (2018). Problems Related to Substance and Alcohol Misuse. In European Psychiatric/Mental Health Nursing in the 21st Century (pp. 395-421). Springer, Cham.

Ray, S. (2018). Unit-4 Drugs of Abuse. IGNOU.

van Borkulo, C., Boschloo, L., Borsboom, D., Penninx, B. W., Waldorp, L. J., & Schoevers, R. A. (2015). Association of symptom network structure with the course of depression. JAMA psychiatry, 72(12), 1219-1226.