Definition of Terminologies of Cultural Concern

  1. Ethnocentrism
    Ethnocentrism is the belief that one’s culture or cultural values are superior to other
    races’ values. Ethno centrists use terms like uncultured, primitive, backward, weird, to
    describe other cultures or behaviours. Ethnocentrism is an acquired mentality from within
    one’s culture. People who share the same beliefs are bound by ethnocentric beliefs. Hitler
    believed that all non-Arians were inferior. Most people have an element of ethnocentrism,
    especially in specific cultural issues, for example, in America women cover their breasts in
    public, but in Swaziland girls parade topless in public and even before the king. An American
    would likely judge the Swazi as immoral, indecent or backward (Budani, 2011).
  2. Stereotypes
    Stereotyping is the practice of having an widely held but overly generalized,
    simplified and narrowed view of a character based on geographical, racial, or social status
    .Stereotype is based on misinformation or lack of it, and is based on a proposition about
    certain people taken on the face value. Stereotypes are selective on social perception in which
    the person sees what they expect of the group, and only needs a single incident to prove it.
    Stereotyping leads to profiling and subsequent discrimination. Common stereotypes are based
    on religion, race, social background, age, sex, and so on. Example of stereotyping include
    Afro-Americas are good athletes and musicians, serial killers are shy persons, Arabs are
    radicals, and nurses are women but doctors are men(Khan, Benda & Stagnaro, 2012).
  3. Prejudice

Name 2
Prejudice is a generalised and negative perception about members of a group, which
leads to that group being segregated. The prejudicial person considers the values of the group
to be inferior, but may not voice their thoughts. Prejudice show in the attitude and action of
the prejudicial person, for example it is common to find a child of color adopted by a white
person, but rarely a white child adopted by a person of color. Egalitarian relationships are
tolerated publically, but in private many racial groups oppose it (Plous, 2016).

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  1. Discrimination
    Discrimination is a practice in which an individual is treated unequally, excluded or
    disadvantaged on account of their characteristics. Some of the characteristics include race,
    sex, religion, age, disability, health status, marital status, and so on. Discrimination is targeted
    at individuals and is practised in places of employment, service delivery, social and public
    gatherings, and so on. For example, a person may be denied a job for which they are qualified
    on account of pregnancy, the Russian military sets a minimum height for military recruits, the
    highway patrol often profiles people of color on the roads, and hotels in Saudi Arabia do not
    accept unaccompanied women (European Union, 2011; The Equality Act: Guidance for small
    businesses Understanding legal definitions of discrimination and unlawful behaviour in the
    Equality Act, 2016).
  2. Racism
    Racism is a practise of prejudice against a racial grouping, which is attributed to the
    physical appearance, especially the color of the skin. A person who practices racism is called
    a racist. Racism attributes characteristics, abilities, and qualities to an individual’s racial
    background. Racists are ethnocentricists because they belief they possess superior
    characteristics. Racists believe that people should be treated separately according to their
    racial background, and that they should exercise authority over races they consider inferior.
    Racism is a combination of prejudice and power, and is propagated by the dominant race.

Name 3
Forms of racism include white racism or supremacy, Nazism, Americanism, Arabism, and
apartheid. Racial beliefs are acquired and are often expressed outwardly verbally and in
physical violence (Hoyt, 2012).

Name 4

Works Cited

Budani,. (2011). Ethnocentrism, Cultural, Relativism and Human Rights (1st ed.). Newark,
DE: University of Delaware. Retrieved from
https://www.udel.edu/anthro/budani/ethnocentrismspring2011.pdf
European Union,. (2011). Compendium of practice on Non-Discrimination/Equality
Mainstreaming (1st ed., pp. 8-9). Luxembourg: Luxembourg: Publications Office of
the European Union. Retrieved from
http://ec.europa.eu/justice/discrimination/files/compendium_mainstreaming_equality_
en.pdf
Gilovich, T., Keltner, D., & Nisbett, R. (2016). Social Psychology : Reviews. Wwnorton.com.
Retrieved 18 March 2016, from
http://www.wwnorton.com/college/psych/socialpsych/reviews/ch11.asp
Hoyt, C. (2012). The Pedagogy of the Meaning of Racism: Reconciling a Discordant
Discourse. Social Work, 57(3), 225-234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sw/sws009
Khan, S., Benda, T., & Stagnaro, M. (2012). Stereotyping From the Perspective of Perceivers
and Targets. Online Readings In Psychology And Culture, 5(1).
http://dx.doi.org/10.9707/2307-0919.1043
Plous, S. (2016). The Psychology of Prejudice: An Overview. Understandingprejudice.org.
Retrieved 18 March 2016, from http://www.understandingprejudice.org/about/
The Equality Act: Guidance for small businesses Understanding legal definitions of
discrimination and unlawful behaviour in the Equality Act. (2016) (1st ed.). Retrieved
from
http://www.equalityhumanrights.com/sites/default/files/documents/ea_legal_definitio
ns.pdf

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