1.A) The following are alkaline and acid household product. Explain their use in the home and describe the composition of each product.
* alkaline- washing up liquid and milk of magnesia
Washing up liquid is used in kitchens for washing. It contains either potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate. In solution form, they are alkaline in nature. Milk of magnesia is use for calming acidity and contains magnesium hydroxide that is alkaline in nature and so neutralizes the acidic hydrochloric acid in the stomach hence calming acidity.
*acid – lemon juice and vinegar
Lemon juice is used in the home to remove grease stains and other oily stains. It mainly consists of citric acid. Vinegar is a solution of acetic acid. It is used as a household cleaning and cleansing agent. It is used for killing germs, mold, and bacteria owing to its acidity.
B) explain use of laboratory product of alkaline sodium hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide, and acidic product hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid.
Sodium hydroxide is a strong base. It has a pH of 14.0 in solution form. It is used in neutralization reactions to determine the concentration of acidic solutions or in preparing salts. Ammonium hydroxide is weakly alkaline with a pH of 8.0. It may be used in neutralization reactions but is majorly used in the laboratory for qualitative analysis and determination of cations.
Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid. It has a pH of 1.0 it is used in the laboratory in neutralization reactions when it is coupled with a base. This way, it can be used for preparation of salt solutions and in the determination of the concentration (or molarity) of basic solutions. Strong acids react with metals to form salt and water
Ethanoic acid is a weak acid. It has a pH of 4.0-6.0. It is also used in neutralization reactions, but its strength is weaker than that of hydrochloric acid.
C) based on the above chemical uses in laboratory and household product explain the different between acids, base and alkaline.
| Acids | Bases |
| They have a pH of between 0 and 7 They react with bases to form salt solutions They react with metals to form salt and hydrogen gas | Have a pH of between 7 and 14 They react with acids to form salt solutions They do not react with metals |
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