Amount Of Pea Seeds Marked Health And Social Care Essay

In the experiment a method of gauging the population size called “ gaining control – grade – release – recapture ” was simulated. The general process is to capture a figure of beings ( random sample ) and tag them ( without harming them or altering their behavior ) . They are so released back into their original population. The premise is that they will blend with the unmarked persons in a random manner. After a suited clip a 2nd random sample of the population must be captured. A certain proportion of this 2nd sample will be marked from the first gaining control. This is the same proportion as the original first ( marked ) sample was to the full population This technique assumes that birthrate, mortality, in-migration and out-migration is zero.[ 1 ]The simulation of the experiment was based on the exchange of investigated species. Alternatively of carnal persons capable of migrating and reproducing we used pea seeds suited for the research lab conditions. In order to increase the cogency of the probe we divided into four groups and each of them marked different sum of pea seeds. The squads ‘ composing and their undertakings are summarised in the tabular array below.
2
Figure 1 – A image demoing pea seeds

Table 1 – The squads composing and differences between the sum of pea seeds marked for each group.
Number of the group
Group composing
Sum of pea seeds marked in the beginning
Group 1[ * ]
Agata Pydych,
Patrycja Rybak, Inez Gordon
120
Group 2
Wiktoria NowaczyA„ska, Urszula PA‚otka
90
Group 3
Jakub Koenner,
Joanna Tomaszewska
60
Group 4
Jakub CzerwiA„ski,
Marcelina Doering
30
To get down with informations aggregation I am traveling to show the informations obtained by all the groups in the tabular array below:
Table 2 – Complete informations obtained by all groups in the experiment
Number of pronounced persons in the sample /
Entire figure of persons in the sample
( A± 1 seed )[ 3 ]
Entire figure of persons in a stock
( A± 1 seed )
Number of the sample
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
Group 1*
31/343
27/237
20/317
37/334
28/311
1539
Group 2
19/360
18/358
19/335
16/347
19/355
1598
Group 3
13/351
13/336
13/324
11/364
20/360
1557
Group 4
5/335
5/305
11/301
6/314
8/320
1403
To get down with informations treating I am traveling to cipher the mean value representative for both figure of pronounced persons in the sample and entire figure of persons in the sample in each group severally. In order to find the mean values I am traveling to utilize the expression below.
4
where:
x – is a value obtained in one sample
n – is a figure of all samples in a measuring
Mean – is the mean value
First, I am traveling to cipher the average value for figure of pronounced persons in the sample in my group ( Group 1 ) . The mean values must be rounded off to an whole number figure as it represents the sum of persons.
Example,
Mean = = 28.6 a‰? 29
The other values were calculated in the same method. The consequences are shown in the tabular array below.
Table 3 – The average values calculated for the informations obtained in five samples
Average figure of pronounced persons ( A± 1 seed )
Average entire figure of persons ( A± 1 seed )
Entire figure of persons in a stock ( A± 1 seed )
Group 1*
29
308
1539
Group 2
18
351
1598
Group 3
14
347
1557
Group 4
7
315
1403
In order to increase cogency of my consequences I am traveling to cipher the Standard Deviation. The standard divergence is the step that is most frequently used to depict variableness in informations distributions. It can be thought of as a unsmooth step of the mean sum by which observations deviate on either side of the mean. As the investigated population is non infinite, for ciphering the standard divergence of a sample alteration the denominator from n to n-1.[ 5 ]The expression is given below:
where:
x – is a value obtained in one measuring
– is the mean of the values
n – is a figure of measurings
SD – is the standard divergence
Using the values recorded by my group I am traveling to cipher the standard divergence of the figure of pronounced persons and the entire figure of persons severally. The first computation is shown below:
Example,
SD = = a‰? 6.20 ( 3 important figures )
The value for standard divergence of the entire figure of persons was calculated in the same method. The consequences are shown in the tabular array below.
Table 4 – The values for standard divergence calculated for the informations recorded by my group
Standard Deviation ( persons )
Standard Deviation ( % )
( rectify to 3 important figures )
Average figure of pronounced individuals/ Average entire figure of persons
Group 1[ * ]
6.20/41.9
21.4/13.6
Group 2
1.30/10.2
7.22/2.91
Group 3
3.46/16.8
24.7/4.84
Group 4
2.55/13.4
36.4/4.25
Having the information for standard divergence completed I am traveling to plot graphs demoing consequences sing all groups with the standard divergence indicated. The graphs are given below:
Graph 1 – My group ‘s consequences demoing mean figure of pronounced persons and entire persons in a sample with the standard divergence indicated on the bars
Graph 2 – Consequences obtained by the Group 2 demoing mean figure of pronounced persons and entire persons in a sample with the standard divergence indicated on the bars
Graph 3 – Consequences obtained by the Group 3 demoing mean figure of pronounced persons and entire persons in a sample with the standard divergence indicated on the bars
Graph 4 – Consequences obtained by the Group 4 demoing mean figure of pronounced persons and entire persons in a sample with the standard divergence indicated on the bars
On the footing of calculated informations for standard divergence I am able determine the distribution of this information.
The Empirical Rule is a regulation of pollex that applies to informations sets with frequence distributions that are mound-shaped and symmetric:
Approximately 68 % of the measurings will fall within 1 standard divergence of the mean.
Approximately 95 % of the measurings will fall within 2 standard divergences of the mean.
Approximately 99.7 % ( basically all ) of the measurings will fall within 3 standard divergences of the mean.[ 6 ]
Hence, in order to find the distribution of values stand foring my informations set, per centum values of standard divergence must be multiplied by a factor of 2 as they concern distribution on both sides of the mean.
Example,
21.4 A- 2 = 42.8
The other values were calculated in the same method. The consequences are shown in the tabular array below.
Table 5 – Summary of information sing standard divergence
Standard
Deviation
( % )
Sum of values of per centum standard divergence refering both sides of the mean ( % )
Number of standard divergence within which the value falls harmonizing to the Empirical Rule
( rectify to 3 important figures )
Average figure of pronounced persons
Group 1[ * ]
21.4
42.8
1
Group 2
7.22
14.4
1
Group 3
24.7
49.4
1
Group 4
36.4
72.8
2
Average entire figure of persons
Group 1
13.6
27.2
1
Group 2
2.91
5.82
1
Group 3
4.84
9.68
1
Group 4
4.25
8.50
1
Subsequently I am traveling to cipher the per centum of the distribution within 1 and 2 standard divergence. The expression for ciphering per centum is given below:
7
where:
a – is a figure of copiousness of one value
b – is a entire figure of all values
% – is a per centum value
Example,
The value calculated above represents the per centum value of copiousness of the information set obtained in the probe within 1 standard divergence. Subtracting this value from 100 % gives the value stand foring copiousness of informations within 2 standard divergence.
Hence,
100 % + 87.5 % = 12.5 %
The consequences are performed in the tabular array below.
Table 6 – Percentage values calculated for copiousness of values within 1 and 2 standard divergences
Percentage value ( % )
( rectify to 3 important figures )
Valuess falling within 1 standard divergence
87.5
Valuess falling within 2 standard divergence
12.5
8
Figure 2 – A graph demoing per centum of normal distribution tonss in each interval
Aiming to cipher the estimated population size I am traveling to utilize Lincoln Index. Establishing on the undermentioned proportion:
Where:
n1 – figure of pronounced persons in the beginning ( presented in the Table 1 )
n2 – mean entire figure of persons in the sample
n3 – mean figure of pronounced persons in the sample
N – figure of persons in the entire population
I am able to infer to formula for the entire size of the population which is given below:
Example,
The other values were calculated in the same method. The consequences are shown in the Table 7.
In order to enable the comparing of degree of truth for each group I am traveling to cipher the per centum disagreement utilizing the expression given below:
9
Where:
a – experimental value
b – theoretical value
Example,
The other values were calculated in the same method. The consequences are shown in the tabular array below.
Table 7 – Comparison of deliberate value of the population size and the value obtained via manus numeration
Entire figure of persons in a stock ( A± 1 seed )
Estimated population size ( A± 1 seed )
Percentage disagreement ( right to 3 important figures, % )
Group 1[ * ]
1539
1274
17.2
Group 2
1598
1755
9.82
Group 3
1557
1487
4.50
Group 4
1403
1350
3.78
Subsequently I am traveling to plot the graph in order to show in the graphical signifier the difference between the values obtained after holding counted peas seeds during the exercising and the values obtained after holding applied the Lincoln index.
Graph 5 – The comparing of the values of population size obtained utilizing computations affecting Lincoln Index and manual numeration during the exercising. The standard divergence of estimated values and uncertainness of manual numeration is indicated on the mistake bars.
Additionally I am traveling to plot a graph demoing per centum disagreement between values obtained after using Lincoln index and the values obtained after manual computations of pea seeds. The graph is given below:
Graph 6 – The per centum disagreement between theoretical and estimated population size
Conclusion & A ; Evaluation
To get down with I can state that the values obtained are irrelevant. As can be seen on the Graph 6 the per centum difference lessening with lessening in the figure of pronounced persons which is contradictory to the premise. It is expected that the bigger figure of pronounced persons, the bigger cogency of the consequences. Such consequences are non triggered by inaccurate measurings which is provided by computation of standard divergence ( Table 5 ) . 87.5 % of the values of standard divergence autumn within 1 standard divergence on the graph of normal distribution which leads to a decisions that the spread of values around the mean is little ( Table 6 ) . This information suggests that the measurings itself are valid. Hence, the ground of such unexpected reciprocality lies is a different country. Notwithstanding, the major restriction of the process was excessively little sum of measurings. Harmonizing to the literature[ 10 ], sing a sample investigated at least eight measurings must be undertaken. In conformity with Paetkau ( 2004 )[ 11 ], changing sample size of pronounced persons does non impact the value of estimated population size. Apart from this, with the addition of the sum of pronounced persons, the estimated population size additions, get downing from being underestimated, through cut downing this prejudice, up to a point where the values start to be overestimated.[ 12 ]Therefore, as the consequences are contradictory to the premise, the process itself must be invalid.
It must be taken into consideration that the Markss applied by a marker could hold be randomly removed from some sum of pea seeds. The sum of seeds is impossible to find, therefore it can non be assumed to be the ground of such disagreement for certain.
Another failing of the process is that in malice of that fact that each group used the same container to roll up samples it was hardly impossible to avoid semilunar cartilage mistake due to round form of pea seeds. Merely in the instance of liquids exact sum of investigated substance can be determined. In order to avoid this job the simulation of the capture-mark-release-recapture method could be conducted utilizing smaller and flattened persons like lentil.
Further drawback was elongated in clip manual numeration of pea seeds. Although this is the lone method for obtaining information about the entire figure of persons in the stock it could be facilitated if more people were involved in numbering. Therefore, I would propose working in bigger groups. Due to uneven sum of pupils in the category my group was composed of three people thanks to which one of us recounted the seeds in order to increase the certainty. However, other groups did non hold an chance to obtain such support.
It could be argued whether the process might be considered as dependable or non. This estimation of population size relies on a figure of premises. One of them is that population demands to hold really low in-migration and out-migration. In the instance of pea seeds the lone migrating activity could be noted when seeds fell from the tabular array which could be applied merely to out-migration. However, such state of affairs did non occurred in our experiment in important sum. It is besides stated that births and deceases are negligible, nevertheless in the instance of pea seeds this phenomena can non be taken into consideration at all. The seeds can non be analysed neither on the degree of their mobility, dispersion within a geographical country, mortality, birthrate nor conspicuousness to marauders.[ 13 ]Merely the premise that organisms mix indiscriminately within the populations can be referred to this simulation. Besides random halving of seeds can be considered as reproduction. It could be besides mentioned that due to utilizing pea seeds, ethical issues were conserved as investigated persons were non harmed by taging method. Another positive facet was that the method of capturing had no consequence on the persons. In existent instances where carnal populations are being investigated, being captured can be pleasant or harmful which distorts the cogency of consequences.