An Annotated Biography on Factors Which Drive Illegal Immigration in Europe and United States

Thesis: Illegal migration is driven by the irregularities between the demand of labor and supply, which indicates a tension between politics and economics, as politics prevents trades from hiring workers they require regularly

Yoshida, Chisato. Illegal Immigration And Economic Welfare. 1st ed. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 2000. Print. This book discusses the global welfare effects of illegal immigration in the capital mobility’s absence. It develops models of illegal migration and analyzes the effect of enforcement policies on the welfare of the host country. The introduction of enforcement policies in welfare of the host country may or may not be improved. The book thus concludes that the global welfare effect of an enforcement policy imposition is unfavorable. This book is a credible source as Chisato Yoshida is a doctor and teaches at the faculty of economics in Okayama University in Japan. The book will thus be reliable as it uses Bond and Chen model in analyzing its findings. This book will be useful in the research as it will explain the welfare effects of illegal immigration. The models in this book will be used in the restructuring of the research paper.

Hatch, Patricia. “WHAT MOTIVATES IMMIGRATION TO AMERICA?”. League of Women Voters (2017): n. pag. Web. 28 Feb. 2017. This journal illustrates the factors that motivate immigrants in to the United States. It identifies both push and pulls factors where the push factors include economic hardships, political oppression and religious persecution. The pull factors on the other hand include economic opportunities, freedom of thought and speech and religious freedom which are all present in United States. As the author concludes, she states that due to the multiplicity of powerful motivations that drives immigrants in to the United States; it is challenging to effectively restructure the US immigration system. This journal is a credible resource for this research as it contains relevance information for the thesis. The author is a MD, a member of the LWVUS Immigration Study Committee in Howard County. However, some important information is omitted like the date the journal was published. I will use this journal in arguing the driving factors of illegal immigration in United States.

Costantino, Fabrizio. Which Factors Drive Illegal Immigration?An Empirical Analysis Of The U.S. And The E.U. 1st ed. Barcelona: Universtita Pompeu Fabra, 2014. Web. 28 Feb. 2017. This eBook provides quantitative evidence that shows the flow of illegal immigrants in the Europe and U.S. It explains the variables- the flow in time and space between 2000 and 2011, role of criminal organizations in facilitating illegal migration and the actors involved. This article tests the correlation between these variables which drives illegal immigration in the E.U and U.S. and the illegal immigrants number which are apprehended at this two region’s borders. United States and Europe have job opportunities and valuable revenues that attract illegal immigrants flow. This article is in line with Hatch Patricia’s “what motivates illegal immigrants in U.S”. The eBook is credible as the author is a TESI director and has a doctorate. The material will be used in restructuring the thesis paper as it has the factors that drive illegal immigration in E.U and U.S.

 Fargues, Phillippe et al. Shared Challenges And Opportunities For EU And US Immigration Policymakers. 1st ed. Washington D.C: European University Institute, 2011. Web. 28 Feb. 2017. This eBook explains the immigrant’s integration, social cohesion and employment in U.S. and EU. These are the factors according to the article that drive illegal immigration to these two countries. Therefore, this eBook is related to Costantino’s and Hatch’s work. In details, the E-book illustrates how the two countries are managing and securing their borders from illegal immigrants. Over the past two decades according to the article, international immigration and policies have changed and the immigrants are becoming part of an integral of the fabric of labor markets, economies and local communities. The article is credible as it is written by authors at EUI (European University Institute) and MPI (Migration Policy Institute). It will be useful in this thesis as it will help in developing the factors that are driving illegal immigration in the E.U. and U.S.

Orrenius, Pia and Madeline Zacodiny. “Irregular Immigration In The European Union”. European Policy Analysis 2 (2016): n. pag. Web. 28 Feb. 2017.According to this article, illegal immigration is increasing in Europe. It explains the factors that are contributing to illegal immigration in EU which include promise of a better life and the proximity to the nations in turmoil. It highlights illegal immigration’s state as it compares its state lessons from U.S. As the article concludes, addressing illegal immigration successfully in Europe will require considerable cost sharing and coordination among the member states of EU. This journal is reliable as its source is from Swedish Institute for European Policy Studies. Therefore it contains trustworthy information which will be useful in the thesis writing as it contains factors that contribute to illegal immigration in Europe thus assisting in structuring the thesis.

Miliner, Hellen and Dustin Tingly. 1 The Economic And Political Influences On Different Dimensions Of United States Immigration Policy. 1st ed. 2017. Web. 28 Feb. 2017. The article explains that immigration policy is the center of sustained political debate and large public demonstration in the Europe and the United States. The strength and implementation of immigration policies depends on self-interest and ideological factors. It explains that the debate between the supporters and the opponents of the different immigration policy increases the chances of illegal immigration rather than solving the issue. Gaps in these two factors elevate illegal immigration in the two countries. This article is credible as it is written by two scholar authors. It contains information that is essential in the thesis as it explains the gaps found in immigration policies that are causing illegal immigration. Therefore, I will use this article to argue about the factors that are contributing to illegal immigration in the Europe and the United States. It will thus be useful in the structure plan of the thesis.

References

Costantino, Fabrizio. Which Factors Drive Illegal Immigration?An Empirical Analysis Of The U.S. And The E.U. 1st ed. Barcelona: Universtita Pompeu Fabra, 2014. Web. 28 Feb. 2017.

Fargues, Phillippe et al. Shared Challenges And Opportunities For EU And US Immigration Policymakers. 1st ed. Washington D.C: European University Institute, 2011. Web. 28 Feb. 2017.

Hatch, Patricia. “WHAT MOTIVATES IMMIGRATION TO AMERICA?”. League of Women Voters (2017): n. pag. Web. 28 Feb. 2017.

Miliner, Hellen and Dustin Tingly. 1 The Economic And Political Influences On Different Dimensions Of United States Immigration Policy. 1st ed. 2017. Web. 28 Feb. 2017.

Orrenius, Pia and Madeline Zacodiny. “Irregular Immigration In The European Union”. European Policy Analysis 2 (2016): n. pag. Web. 28 Feb. 2017.

Yoshida, Chisato. Illegal Immigration And Economic Welfare. 1st ed. Heidelberg : Physica-Verlag HD, 2000. Print.