Application of Nursing Science Theories

Name

Institution

Case study

Parse’s theory of Human Becoming

The theory of Human Becoming by Parse was developed following an exploration in the art of sciencing involving a process of coming to understand the world of human experience. The human becoming paradigm is set under specific fundamental beliefs on relationship of the human and the universe, the ethos of human becoming and the living quality (George, 2011). It is structured under three main themes; meaning, rhythmicity, transcendence. Meaning is expounded to imply the imaging and valuing of language that allows people create what is real with them and express it in their lives. Rhythmicity implies that living encompasses opposite experiences that coexist in rhythmical patterns. The principle of transcendence implies to the mechanisms that an individual puts up to reach out and surpass the limits that they set. It helps an individual co-transcend multidimensional with the emerging possibilities. The theory considers man in total paradigm as being a result of combined factors of biological, psychological, sociological, and spiritual factors (Mitchel & Copplestone, 1990). The particulars of Parse theory of Human Becoming will be helpful in tackling this case study. They will offer guidelines to the nurse to help her understand and analyze the situation from the point of view of Ann and Ben and apply this in developing the most suitable care plan. 

The first major assumption of the theory relates to the meaning that people give to the life experiences that they encounter (Araujo, et al., 2013). According to the theory, these lived experiences helps in shaping a person’s reality. It illustrates the power of man and the environment to co-create (George, 2011). In this case study, the past experiences of Ben and Ann helps him understand when her life departs from her body. From the past occurrences, Ben associates the sight of shooting stars to the soul joining the angels. This was from the past experience of two shooting stars after their daughter Jessie and her newborn baby Abe. In this case, this sight of the shooting star during this night prepared Ben for the demise of his beloved wife.

Principle of transcendence

The principle states that co-transcending with possible reflects the power and originating of transformation. This implies that moving with the current experiences is living the becoming visible-invisible becoming with ambiguity surrounding the continuous change of the current occurrences (Parse, 1992). According to the principle, transformation results from the changes in the reality that one faces. A major life experience that had great effect to the lives of Ben and Ann was the death of their daughter Jessie and her newborn baby. During this experience, the tow witnessed shooting stars cross that sky and inferred it to mean that they two departed souls were joining the angels. According to Ben’s experience, the sight of the shooting star on this night could only mean one thing, the death of his beloved wife. Past experience had made her tie that to the transformation brought by death, his wife would be joining the angels thereby making him a widower.

In this scenario the nurse needs to use the guidelines of the principle of transcendence and assist Ben in coming to terms with the situation at hand and help manage it to avoid adverse effects to his health wellbeing. Using Ben’s belief, the nurse may bring to light the fact that the death of the loved one does not mean their extinction but implies to their rise to a higher level of becoming angels. The shooting star is a symbol of their ever-presence and providence of light to our lives even while in their new state.

The Nurse’s Role and Focus

As the body of Ann is transitioned to the mortuary, the nurse should focus of on assisting Ben couple with situation. It important for the nurse to have in mind that human beings are open-minded and possess the capability associating a particular situation to a given meaning. In this connection, the nurse should help Ben apply his belief that death is a way of promoting one to higher level, in this case the stature of an angel. The nurse is tasked with ensuring that the situation does not affect Ben’s health as becoming is considered unitary to human-living-health. The nurse should channel the efforts in ensuring the involvement of Ben in creating a point of consensus to the situation and attain gradual healing.

In performing this role, the nurse should find Parse’s theory of Human Becoming very resourceful. The nurse needs to act as the change agent and assist Ben in improving his quality of health. The nurse is obliged to act as a facilitator in the healing process rather than actually performing the necessary actions in the healing process. In this case, the nurse should formulate a care plan meant to help Ben improve his health status and reduce effects of the death of his wife.

Plan of care

Another model that will be helpful in the development of plan of care is the end-of-life (EOL) care. The family members’ presence during the death of a loved may cause undue stress and distress of which they were not ready to handle. The nurse is bound to apply the skills and knowledge in palliative care to provide compassionate care, comforting presence and reassurance to the family members. The EOL model requires application of a holistic care for the family of the deceased. In this case, the nurse needs to develop a care plan for Ben.

Reassurance from Ben experiences

Having identified Ben’s beliefs with regard to the shooting stars, the nurse should encourage Ben to be observing the stars to help him come to terms that his deceased wife had joined the angels. The ever presence of the stars on the sky should provide a consolation to Ben that while his wife may be gone, she is still watching over him. 

The relationship with the patient

The nurse needs to create a conducive environment with Ben. This can be achieved through effective communication, assisting him cope with the distress, assess and treat multiple dimensions of needs and show respect to the views and perception of the ailing one. Such a relationship will be helpful in developing meaning, synchronizing rhythms and coming to terms with the transformation (Arndt, 1995).

Josephine Paterson and Loretta Zderad’s Humanistic Nursing Theory

This is a multidimensional and an interactive theory that aims to cover the bridge between theory and practice. The humanistic theory views nursing as an existential experience involving a shared dialogue between the nurse and patient. The nurse performs the role of nurturing and comforting a needy person. The two theorists consider health not just as the absence of illness but relates to the experiences, relationships, and options in life. According to the theory, there should be creative relationships between the nurses and patients, where they mingle and hold a pen, receptive and lively dialogue. People would then acquire meaning and attain health through sharing with others. 

Paterson and Zderad developed method of inquiry referred to as phenomelogic nursology to help facilitate the nursing process. The method aims to offer a description of a given phenomenon without explaining or predicting them using a five-step process. The first process involves the nurse being prepared to know something or someone by ensuring they put an open mind. The nurse is then able to gain knowledge through intuitive impression and exploring the patient’s experiences. The third step then requires the nurse to apply the scientific knowledge concerning the patient in analyzing the data. The nurse is further required to synthesize the subjective and objective information to acquire more insight concerning the situation. The fifth step requires the nurse to arrive as the new truth from the information gathered and refining it into a descriptive construct (Kleiman, 2006).

References

Araujo, G., Armendaris, M., Pinho, D., Kamada, I. J., & Reis, P. (2013). Theory of Human Becoming in Nursing Ecology. Texto & Contexto.

Arndt, M. (1995). Parse’s Theory of Human Becoming in Practice with Hospitalized Adolescents. Nursing Science Quarterly, 86-90.

George, J. (2011). Nursing theories: the base for professional nursing practice (6th edition). Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. 

Kleiman, S. (2006). Josephine Paterson and Loretta Zderad’s Humanistic Nursing Theory and its Applications. Philadelphia: F.A Davis.

Mitchell, G., & Copplestone, C. (1990). Applying Parse’s Theory to Perioperative Nursing. Aorn Journal.

Parse, R. (1992). Human Becoming: Parse’s Theory of Nursing. Nursing Science Quarterly, 35-42.

The theory on Humanistic nursing captures more than a benevolent technically competent subject-object one-way relationship steered by the nurse on behalf of the other. The theory specifies that the nursing is a responsible process of looking for, transactional relationship whose meaningfulness can only be achieved through conceptualization based on the nurse’s awareness of self and of the external party.

One way that the humanistic nursing theory has been applied is in the gerontological nursing care. In this case we will consider the case of an elderly female person put under examination with needs that are of inherent interdependence and the ability to relate with others during the home visits. The health of elderly was viewed in terms of their ability to establish relations in space and time. The domiciliary visits requires use if dialogue for the establishment of a curative relationship to facilitate sharing of experience. The caring for the elderly requires multidisciplinary efforts ranging from nutritionists, physiotherapists, psychiatrist among other to ensure the health wellbeing of the patient.