The biggest challenge faced by early-stage startups is to raise seed capital which is instrumental in scaling up their businesses by developing their technology and marketing it. With its primary focus on promoting, mentoring and financially assisting early-stage startups, IAN launched the small ticket funding programme last year that offers a fixed investment amount of Rs 25 lakh ($39,888) at a fixed valuation of Rs […]

Modigliani and Miller (1958) stated that M&M theory also known as capital structure irrelevancy theory. It stated that financial leverage does not affect the firm’s value in perfect market because without taxes, transactions cost or bankruptcy costs in perfect market and all information are symmetries. (Faruk Ahmeti and Burim Prenaj, 2015) Thus, value of levered firm is same as the value of unlevered firm (Abeywardhana, […]

Abstract As some anomalies are hardly explained by the traditional finance, the behaviour finance is introduced. It was first introduced by Kahneman and Tversky (1979), which they presented the prospect theory. In fact, investors’ behaviour often violates the expected utility theory, some of them trade irrrationally. Then Shefrin and Statman (1994) base on the CAPM, and put investor sentiment into the model to make the […]

A rapper, a broadcast company, a chamber of commerce, a downtown booster group, a credit union and one of the world’s best known tech companies. This unusual cast of characters is driving Durham, N.C.’s emergence as what CNBC now calls, “the startup capital of the South.” The fact is, unlikely partners sometimes produce undeniably appealing ideas — whether the ultimate objective is launching a company or […]

Skandia, a multinational insurance and financial services company, is based in Stockholm, Sweden. In 1855, Skandia was founded as an international insurance company. In 1900, Skandia was the first non-British reinsurer to have a New York office. Today, five divisions comprise Skandia: Skandia Norden, Skandia Direct Insurance Nonlife, Assurance and Financial Services, Skandia Investment Management, and Reinsurance. Skandia AFS was formed in 1986 by “blowing […]