Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction Alkyl Halide Substrate Lab Report

What is Holistic Scoring?Holistic grading is a method of evaluating a composition based on its overall quality. A
holistic scoring rubric consists of a single scale with all criteria to be included in the
evaluation being considered. With a holistic rubric, the rater assigns a single score
based on an overall judgement of the student work.
Holistic Scoring Rubric: 50 points per essay
Title of Reflection Essay Present:
1 point
Student Name and Date Present:
1 point
Grammar and Spelling:
3 points
Minimum of 250-word count goal is met:
5 points
10 points available for meeting these criteria
Remaining points:
•
Criteria for a Score of 40 Points on Reflection Essay:
o Paragraph is clear, focused, and developed to address each of the learning goals
stated from the lab manual document. Relevant details and/or anecdotes and
word choice support and enrich the central ideas.
Content and Organization
• Supporting details are relevant
and provide important
information about each of the
learning goals from the lab
manual.
• The writing is developed in a
logical and organized way.
• The writing provides
supporting evidence and
details to support mastery of
the learning goals.
•
Style and Fluency
• The writer selects words that
are accurate, specific, and
appropriate for the specified
purpose.
• The write uses a variety of
sentence structure.
• The writing may include
imagery.
• The writing is nearly error free.
Criteria for a Score of 30 points on Reflection Essay
o The response is clear and focused. Ideas are related to the purpose specified in
the prompt but may be sketchy or overly general. Relevant details and/or
anecdotes and word choice support the topic, theme, or story line but may be
limited. Any errors in language usage, spelling, and mechanics, if present, do not
impede meaning. One or more of the following problems may be present.
Content and Organization
• The writer has defined but
not thoroughly developed
evidence of mastering the
learning goals.
• Supporting details are
vague or overly general.
• The writer makes general
observations without using
specific details.
Style and Fluency
• The writer uses simple but
accurate sentence structures.
• The writer mostly selects words
that are accurate and specific for
the purpose of writing.
•
Criteria for a Score of 20 points on Reflection Essay
o The response does not maintain focus or organization throughout. Ideas are
minimally related to the learning goals; the reader must make inferences based
on sketchy details and inaccurate or nonspecific word choice. There may be
some serious errors in language usage, spelling, or mechanics. One or more of
the following problems is present.
Content and Organization
Style and Fluency
• The writer has defined but not
• The writer sometimes selects
thoroughly developed the
words that are not accurate,
topics. Response may be
specific, or appropriate for the
sketch or may read like a
purpose of the writing.
collection of thoughts, but no
• Writing may be choppy and
central idea emerges.
repetitive.
• Supporting details are minimal
• Portions of the writing are
or irrelevant.
unrelated to the topic.
• The writer does not develop
the topic in an organized way.
Response maybe a list rather
than a developed paragraph.
• Ideas are not connected to the
specified learning goals.
•
Criteria for a Score of 10 points on Reflection Essay
o The response tends to be unfocused and disorganized; there may be severe
problems with fluency and/or consistency. Ideas may not be related to the
purpose specified in the prompt. Details and/or anecdotes may be irrelevant or
too insufficient for the reader to construct meaning. Word choices may not
support the topic, theme, or story line or may be repetitive or inaccurate. Errors in
language usage, spelling, or mechanics may be severe. One or more of the
following problems is present.
Content and Organization
• The writer has not addressed
the learning goals from the lab
manual.
• Supporting details are absent.
• Organization is not evident,
may be a brief list.
• Ideas are fragmented and
unconnected with the
specified purpose.
•
Style and Fluency
• Word choice is inaccurate and
there are many repetitions
• Vocabulary is inappropriate.
• The writer uses simple,
repetitive sentence structures
or many sentence fragments.
• Errors severely impede
communication.
Criteria for a Score of 0 points on Reflection Essay:
o The response is off-topic or unreadable.
Advanced Acids and Bases
In the lab manual was basic in instructing understudies almost acids and bases, as well as
how to calculate the pH of powerless acids and bases. The main purpose of this laboratory
handbook is to classify acids and bases based on their strength and to prepare various salt
neutralization methods. In addition, the concept of the acid-base dissociation constant (Ka) and
its logarithmic form must be grasped (pKa ).
The theory of acids and bases is covered in the first section of the guidebook. According
to the manual, a chemical can be classified as an acid or a basic based on how it behaves in an
aqueous solution. To comprehend acids, a key chemistry concept is used. If a chemical species
donates a proton in an aqueous solution, the Bronsted-Lowry definition for acids (HA) applies. A
base, on the other hand, is a species in an aqueous solution that receives a proton.
The text then moves on to the strong gradient of acids and bases. Dissociation and the
ability to contribute returns are used to classify strong and weak acids. the presence of weak
acids Only a small percentage of acid molecules are dissociated, but strong acids completely
dissociate in their aqueous solution. The acid dissociation constant Ka can be used to describe
the acid’s strength.
The ability of chemical species to receive supplied protons distinguishes strong and weak
bases. A weak base will only receive a small number of protons compared to its overall
capabilities, whereas a strong base will accept as many protons as possible. Kb is the unit of
measure for the dissociation constant for bases.
Comprehending and quantifying the difference in the strength of acids and bases on a
specified negative logarithmic charge scale known as pH is another key concept in understanding
acids and bases. The hydrogen particle concentration decides the pH scale. The hydrogen and
concentration of solid acids and bases can be calculated essentially from the concentration of
corrosive and base in their fluid arrangement. The hydrogen particle concentration in powerless
acids and bases must be calculated utilizing their separation constants The hydrogen particle
concentration in frail acids and bases must be calculated utilizing. The Henderson Hasselbalch
condition can be utilized to calculate the pH of buffer arrangements their separation constants.
Sulphuric acid, for example, is a polyprotic acid or base in which its species can donate or
receive more than one proton. The logarithmic inverse of pKa is -log [Ka], and similarly the
logarithmic inverse of pKb is -log [Kb].