Prior to the World War II, major dictatorships emerge in Russia, Italy, and Germany. Compare and contrast their rise to power and mode of operation

The Russian revolution was witnessed in 1917, and it led to the collapse of the Russian empire that was under Emperor Nicholas II. The regime was replaced by a provisional government in the first revolution. During the second revolution, the provisional government was replaced with a Communist government. The change of leadership was important because it would have helped to end the imperial rule in the country. It was also expected to promote the implementation of social and political changes. The desire to change the regime was as a result of food shortages that were experienced by citizens in the country. Civil unrest was also rampant in the country, and this led to a revolt that led to the abdication of Nicholas II. The provisional government formed was later overthrown by the Bolsheviks that was led by Vladimir Lenin.

In Germany, Adolf Hitler became the president after the death of President Paul Von Hindenburg. His journey into power started when he was put in charge of the propaganda of the German’s Party Workers. He changed the party name to Nazi, which focused on criticizing the ruling government’s failures. Political opponents were intimidated. The Nazis in 1923 launched an attempt to take over the government by force. Hitler hoped that his nationalist revolution would spread to all parts of German and adopted by all the citizens. This, however, failed, and he was arrested and sent to prison. After his release nine months later, he reorganized the party to form a fanatic movement that aimed at making people understand the failures of the ruling government. It promised to solve the problems once Hitler was elected into power. Hitler failed to secure the presidency in the 1930 election, but he was given a position as Chancellor. This helped him to exploit the parliament where he and the opportunity to call for elections. The Police guided by the Nazi Herman Goering suppressed the opposition, and this led to the Nazi party under Adolf Hitler to win the elections.

 Mussolini gained leadership in Italy after the formation of the Lateran Treaty. He exploited the Roman Catholic Church by developing a close relationship. The Lateran Treaty guaranteed him of loyalty from the Catholics because they were against the fascist state in the country. He also attracted the support of the Catholics by ensuring that religious education was made compulsory. He also enticed the working class and industrial bosses. He promised the workers that under his leadership, they would work for eight hours a day. The Acerbo Law that was put in place by Mussolini and the Fascist Party stated that the party that got sixty-five percent of the votes cast during an election would take up two-thirds of the seats in parliament. In the preceding election, Mussolini lost the elections, and that resulted in the death of Matteotti, who was the leading socialist Member of Parliament. After his death, a large number of the Members of Parliament walked out in protest, and this helped Mussolini to win over the opposition. Because of the frustration that the people suffered from Mussolini, they requested the intervention of the King to get rid of hi, but the king declined the request. This was because he declined the protestors s they supported republicanism. The support from the king made Mussolini strong, and his opponents were beaten up, and newspapers that printed stories against him were shut down.

The Era after WWII to the Present could be Termed a Period of Globalism. Expand on this Concept Fully.

The end of World War II is said to have led to the rise of globalism. This is because world leaders believed that interdependence would help to prevent tension and rivalry between countries. It is after WW2 that countries around the world came together to ensure progress. After WW2, different countries are involved in trade with each other. Countries that cannot various goods import from other countries.  This has led to countries around the world to operate on one platform, and this has helped in the economic growth of the different countries that are involved.  Investors have also set up multinational companies in countries across the world, and this has helped to offer people with services that they would not have experienced if globalism had not happened. It is also after WW2 that technology improved and people would move and communicate easily around the world. Technological advancements also helped to improve the movement of goods and services from one country to another, and this fostered globalism. WW2 also led to globalism because it led to the formation of organizations such the United Nations that are responsible for the maintenance of peace in the world. All the countries in the world have a duty to maintain peace and stability and failure to do this result in consequences such as sanctions. It is also after WW2 that sports that include international players from across the world. Some of these sports include Olympics and World Cup. Sports bring people from different countries, nationalities, and race together and this has also helped in the development of globalism. It is also after WW2 that cultural exchange was witnessed. It facilitated the movement of people around the world and after some time, people started adopting the cultures that they were exposed to in their new surroundings.

Trace the evolution of the “Cold War” from the conclusion of the World War II to its hottest point- the Cuban Missile Crisis. Do you see any way that the Cold War could have been avoided?

During the WW2, the USA and Russia fought together against the Axis powers. The two nations were, however, wary of each other. The USA was suspicious of Soviet communism and Joseph Stalin’s tyrannical rule. The Soviets, on the other hand, did not like the USA because it failed to recognize the USSR as a member of the international community The USA was involved in the war later after most of the countries were actively involved and this was also a point of concern for the Soviets. After the end of the war, the distrust and enmity were witnessed between the two countries as the USA feared that Russia was interested in taking control of the world. The USA also had an arms build-up and developed an interventionist approach to international relations. This further fuelled the Soviets’ hatred for the USA. Because of the desire by both countries to lead the world, they started forming allies with other countries and even decolonized Africa and South East Asia among other countries. The USSR in 1949 developed an atomic bomb, and this led people to believe that a nuclear war was inevitable. The Cuban missile crisis was witnessed in 1962 after a captain and political officer in one of the nuclear missile stated that the USA had already started the nuclear war. The two were ready to launch a missile against the USA but were stopped by Vasili Arkhipov. The war was inevitable because both countries had the urge to be the superpower in the world. They formed allies in support of their mission, and this further contributed to the cold war. The well-equipped army from Russia also made the war inevitable because any country that had a strong army during that time was considered as the strongest nation and this was another source of conflict between the two countries.