Project: Renewable energy best practice and implementation of national action plans in the 27 EU Member States

Identify and summarise the requirements of the project

 In 2010 the European Union requested each Member State to generate and submit their National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) by 30^th June 2010. This national plan should follow the Renewable Energy Source Directive 2009/28/EC objectives of 20 % renewable energy contribution to the Europe overall energy consumption and 10% renewable energy contribution in the transport for each Member State by 2020 ( Build Up n.d.; EREC 2012). In addition national regulations and legislatives needed to be enforced to comply with the RES Directive provisions and be consistent with NREAPs to transpose the Directive. 

 The aim of this project was to evaluate and analyse the submitted NREAPs and their sufficiency and consistency with national regulations transposing the Directive (Ecologic 2015). This project required the contactors to evaluate the national regulations of each Member State through conformity assessment (European commission 2010). This assessment involved the legal evaluation of the national legislative measures’ quality and its uniformity and relevance to the objectives of the RES Directive (European commission 2010). Also the effectiveness and the feasibility of achieving the target in 2020 through following these regulations were to get studied for this assessment (European commission 2010). The other major requirement of this project was that the contractor must provide the translation of those national legislative measures which were transposing the RES Directive in English (European commission 2010). This required the contractor to be fully competent in the different languages of Member States (European commission 2010). 

Identify and describe key primary and secondary stakeholders of the project

 The activity and operation of a project impacts primary stakeholders directly while secondary stakeholders whom could be entities, groups or individuals are affected indirectly (PMI 2013; Stiftung 2010). This impact can be positive or negative (PMI 2013; Stiftung 2010). In this project the European Commission, 27 EU Member states, contractor company such as Eco Logic, financial institution, people, public sector, manufacturing & automobile industries, lawyers, electricity companies, ,mining and oil industries, are the primary stakeholders as they directly benefit from this project as well as have influence on it. (European Commission 2010; Stiftung 2010). However, the residents of these countries, translators, media, tourism industry and subcontractors are all secondary stakeholders (European commission 2010; Stiftung 2010).

Based on the stakeholders identified above, construct a stakeholder matrix. Also justify why stakeholders are placed in certain quadrant.

 Stakeholder matrix is a matrix that represents the position of stakeholders in relation to their interest and influence in the project (Greiman 2012). The matrix is divided in four quadrants and each quadrant describes the interest with respect to influence of each sector to another sector (Greiman 2012).

 In stakeholder matrix (fig 1), as shown below quadrant-A represents the stakeholders with high influence and interest in the project. European Commission has a high interest and influence on this project as they took initiation of this project to achieve their target of 20 % renewable energy contribution to the Europe overall energy consumption and 10% renewable energy contribution in the transport for each Member State by 2020 (Build Up n.d.; EREC 2012). Also EU Commission has directed each member states to implement these changes following the RES Directive (Build Up n.d.; EREC 2012).

Industries are the main consumer of non-renewable energy sources such as coal, fossil fuel, natural gases. The non-renewable energy sources are primary and major sources for industries because every process required energy and heat and without the conversation of chemical energy into mechanical energy through fuels and coal it is not possible. 

In Europe, Automobile and manufacturing sector have a remarkable impact on environment. The implementation of renewable energy makes a higher level of interest and influence over other sectors. On the other hand, mining and oil industries and electricity companies also consume high amount of non-renewable energy sources. The use of renewable energy sources creates positive impact on industries because they don’t have to pay money for fossil fuel and gases. On the other hand, the renewable energy sources are cleaner form of energy sources so they don’t have adverse effect on the environment.

In the Quadrant-B of stakeholder matrix, people are not interested in that kind of issues but eventually people are more influenced by its result because more and more use of renewable energy sources cannot damage the environment so people cannot affected by its negative impact.

In stakeholder matrix as shown below quadrant-C, Public sectors take more interest about renewable energy practice but they cannot influence the project since they do not have more authority to run the project.

                      Low                     Interest         High

     High B A

Influence

D C

      Low

Fig 1: Stakeholder matrix 

In quadrant D, many sectors are not influenced and interested by this project because they are not directly linked by this project. The sectors like tourism, lawyers and local residents are not directly concerned with this renewable energy project.

Evaluate and select the most appropriate project procurement/delivery system for the project.

Project procurement/ delivery: – In project procurement, the implementation of renewable energy is divided by country by country.  The first phase of the procurement is planning phase.

Planning phase: In planning phase, EU commission divided every country by its natural available resources and similarly allocate the project to each country. The each Member State provided national renewable energy action plan in which, each member nation has given the plan for implementation of renewable energy. Each member country has divided into most appropriate categories in which country has good opportunity to generate for example, solar energy, hydro energy, wind energy, geothermal energy. 

Fig 2: Average annual growth for renewable energy for EU 27 (Beurskens & Hekkenberg 2011).

The energy growth of different renewable energy sources is given in above table. The different renewable energy sources have overall 4.4% annual growth during the year of 2005 to 2010 but during next five years the total growth is 4.6% and it is expected to be 5.7% during 2015-2020. The future plan of EU commission is to reach overall 5.7% annual growth till the year of 2020.

Conduct Procurement:  In this project, each member states of European commission is requested to provide their NREAP (National renewable energy action plan) by 30 June 2010. NREAP released the possible data from individual countries in three forms such as, Data report, a set of figures and a database (Beurskens & Hekkenberg 2011). After the deadline of action plan on 31 July 2010, the documents of 14 members have been released and five more members have been joined at the time of releasing the first version of document. Based on the first version of the document, report present into two categories primary data and secondary data. Primary data collected directly from NREAP documents and it is available in graphical and number form. On the other hand, secondary data take primary data as input. Secondary data helps to reader to provide more information about primary data. The NREAP collected all the information about various types of renewable energy sources such as, Hydropower, Geothermal energy, Solar energy, Tidal wave and ocean energy, Wind power, Biomass electricity, Solar thermal energy.

The NREAP prescribe the limits for every country to produce predetermined amount of renewable energy sources for instance, Austria must produce 34% of its final energy consumption by the year of 2020. The NREAP also set the target between 2010-2015 for all countries (European commission 2010; Stiftung 2010). The national renewable energy action plan for Czech Republic described that 13% of final energy consumption must be produced by renewable energy sources by the year of 2020. Czech Republic can use photovoltaic cell, hydro, wind energy and biomass mostly. While in Germany, EU commission planned to reduce the effect of greenhouse gases by 20% at the end of the 2020.

Close procurement and delivery system: In this procurement, the initial criteria which decided at the starting of the project should be fulfilled or not because the success of the project is depends on the result. 

Fig 3: Renewable energy shares

As shown in above figure, the percentage uses of renewable energy sources by each EU Member State. In the year of 2005, the percentage uses of renewable energy sources were quite low and European commission has decided to make survey at regular interval approximately every five years so they can match actual figure and predetermined numbers. The more drastic changes in usage of renewable sources in European members in United Kingdom, Malta, Luxemburg, Belgium and Cyprus because they will produce 9-10 times more renewable energy sources at the end of 2020. Malta was not relay on renewable energy sources in 2005 while in 2015 it is generated 4.5% of renewable energy sources and 10% by the end of 2020. On the other hand, Sweden uses almost half of the energy by renewable energy sources which is highest in Europe and Finland, Latvia, Austria, Portugal and Germany are also produce major part of energy by renewable energy sources.

In the delivery system, the allocation of resources and work were based on individual country’s natural sources so that they could utilise sources more effectively and efficiently.     

References:

1– Beurskens, L & Hekkenberg, M 2011, Renewable Energy Projections as Published in the National Renewable Energy Action Plans of the European Member States Covering all 27 EU Member States, viewed 5 May 2015, https://www.ecn.nl/docs/library/report/2010/e10069.pdf.

2- Build Up n.d., The Europe Portal Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources – 23 April 2009, viewed 28 April 2015, ,< http://www.buildup.eu/publications/31450>.

3- Eco Logic 2015, Implementation of the Renewable-Energy-Directive by the EU Member States, viewed 29 April 2015,<http://www.ecologic.eu/4164 >.

4- European Commission 2010, Tender Specifications: Invitation to the Tender No.ENER/C1/504-2009, viewed 29 April 2015, <http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/energy/tenders/doc/2010/s132_201609_specifications.pdf>.

5- European Renewable Energy Council 2012, Implementation of the RES Directive, viewed 28 April 2015, <http://www.erec.org/policy/eu-policies/implementation-of-the-res-directive.html>.

6- Project Management Institute 2013, A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK), 5th edn, PMI, Viewed 4 May 2015, <http://web.a.ebscohost.com.libraryproxy.griffith.edu.au/ehost/detail/detail?sid=d294bb9-c2fb-4b53-811087cca4ceaeaa%40sessionmgr4005&vid=0&hid=4104&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#db=nlebk&AN=565869>.

7- Stiftung, H 2010, 27 National Action Plans = 1 European Energy Policy?, Green European Foundation,Belgium.