Respond to at least one student who answered a different question from you. The answers should come from your textbook, the lectures, videos, and the research you conducted in the APUS Library. Your best two responses will be graded. Have to respond to two

First post by Jarvis brown is a student second one is the professor

New! Question 3

Jarvis Brown(Aug 14, 2017 10:21 PM)– Read by: 3

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Class,

Black people were subjected to to second class citizenship from white people by means of trying to take away their voice for one. The voice reflected in their voting rights. In 1882 South Carolina placed into effect the Eight Box Law to help white people who were too illiterate to vote and ignore black people who required assistance at the polls. This method to disfranchise African American voters was one of many attempts. Democrats in the South did this to regain control in politics for white people. Mississippi wanted to rewrite the constitution which would govern the citizens in a fair manner by the standards of oppressing black people without stating the true intent behind it. That would impose more complex requirements for black people to even try to vote. If you had 100 able black people that could vote even being able to disqualify 10 at a time would have benefited the goal to suppress African American’s progression into society. ((HIST222 Lesson 2)

These laws imposed after the Civil War brought about the Jim Crow era where the government enacted both written and unwritten rules (laws) for black people otherwise known as black codes. The Eight Box law was such a form of the black codes brought about during Jim Crow in the South. Majority of the power sat with white people who were against the idea of outlawing slavery, so after the civil war, Jim Crow or the “new slavery” system was a legal way for southerners to keep black people in check and on a tight leash. Jim Crow came to be from a racist minstrel show because of black codes. In the south these restrictive laws on black people prevent black people from escaping the hierarchy that their ancestors were once apart of (new age slavery). For those blacks citizens that were in opposition or seemed to move out of the role of a poor black citizen would be targets of lynching’s and their pursuers would face light to no punishments at all once caught. (HIST222 Lesson 2)

In the Plessy V. Ferguson case under the term separate but equal fully expresses how the Jim Crow era tried to segregate both blacks and whites. Though the 14^th amendment protected black people under the right of equal citizens. Courts were predominately white from lawyers to jurors making the cases harder for black people to have a foot to stand on. Not having black people as jurors ensured white opinion favored that black people would receive little to no chance winning any case. If not for the challenging the unfair ruling up to the supreme court, then that case too would have been one of the many loses faced by African Americans. (Plessy V. Ferguson, 1896)

-Jarvis

Source

“PLESSY v. FERGUSON (1896).” Findlaw, Thomson Reuters business, supreme.findlaw.com/supreme_court/landmark/plessy.html. Accessed 14 Aug. 2017.

“Race and Politics at the end of the 19th century.” HIST222 | LESSON 2, AMU, edge.apus.edu/access/content/group/arts-and-humanities-common/Universal/HIST/222/elf/lesson-2/elf_index.html. Accessed 14 Aug. 2017.

New! Q4 Education is key, but not available (you may respond to me as if I were a student)

Loni Bramson(Aug 14, 2017 11:48 AM)– Read by: 1

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Last Edited By Loni Bramson on Aug 15, 2017 10:24 AM

It is quite clear that education and religion were of the utmost importance to African Americans. A fascinating book is by James D. Anderson. He explains that until the mid-1930s, almost all the high schools for African Americans were in cities. That is not where most of the southern African Americans lived, which meant that there was virtually no education for African American children beyond elementary school. This was the time period when secondary school education was being made available for free to youth. Previously most white children also did not have access to secondary schools. To give you an example of the disparities, in 1890, in the South, the percentage of high school age youth in school was .39 percent for African Americans and 4 percent for whites. (1) In 1910 it was 2.8 percent for blacks and 10.1 percent for whites. (2)

Previously I explained the importance of legal cases for African American history. Another one is Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education (1899). In this case, the U.S. Supreme Court decided that establishing high schools for African Americans was not necessary and did not violate separate but equal. Analyze this case and explain the reasoning of the Supreme Court. Compare it to Plessy. Do not forget to engage in research in the library or from the course bibliography.

1. James D. Anderson, The Education of Blacks in the South (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1988), 189.

2. Ibid., 191.