Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology

Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology

Sociologists develop theories to help elaborate a social phenomenon. A theory is normally comprised of a proposed relationship and interaction between two or more concepts. The sociological theories are developed at different levels. 

The Functionalist Theory

The functionalist theory views society as a system where different parts are interconnected and work together in harmony to ensure the attainment of a state of balance and equilibrium. This theoretical perspective emphasizes on the need for the interconnectedness of the society. It focuses on how different parts influence each other (Schaefer, 2015).

Conflict Perspective

This perspective considers a society as being made up of different groups and interests with each competing for power and resources. This perspective trickles all the way down to the works of Karl Marx who suggested that societies undergo different stages of economic development (Schaefer, 2015). The society is the divide between the “haves” and “have nots”.

Feminist Perspective

The feminist theory holds that the society where we exist is a patriarchal society. This is a society where the hierarchical system of organizing and controlling resources is under the control of men. The importance of this perspective in sociology is that it seeks to understand the extent of gender inequality and examine where the society has placed women in terms of social roles, experience, and interests (Schaefer, 2015).

Queer Perspective

This theory objects the traditional dichotomization of sexual orientation into homosexual or heterosexual. It tries to explore the problem arising due to the method used by society to explain sexual orientation. The queer theory attempts to bring down the monolithic ideals of social norms and classifications (Schaefer, 2015).

Symbolic Interactionist Perspective

While functionalist and conflict perspective consider issues at the macro level, exploring the broader and larger picture of the society, the symbolic interactionist perspective focuses on sociology at a micro level. It considers the dynamics of people interacting in small groups. The perspective holds the view that human behavior is influenced by meanings developed though symbolic interaction with others. (Schaefer, 2015). 

Conclusion

The theoretical perspective in sociology is aimed at helping us understand the society deeper. The functionalist perspective views the society as being made up of different groups working together for a common cause. The feminist perspective aims to view a society in terms of distribution of power over resources between the two genders. The queer theory aims to create a different characterization on social norms. 

References

Schaefer, R. (2015). Sociology: A brief introduction (11th Ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.